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目的:分析老年患者的ADR报告,了解老年人ADR的发生特点。方法:对2015年解放军ADR监测中心收到的5 411例老年人ADR报告回顾性调查,统计分析患者年龄、性别,怀疑药品数量、第一怀疑药品种类、累及系统/器官损害、ADR表现、ADR诱导期,关联性评价及转归等项目。结果:5 411例老年人ADR报告中,男女比例1.28∶1,与只有1个怀疑药品相比,多个怀疑药品中严重ADR报告的构成比更高(P<0.001)。ADR累及的系统/器官共6 104频次,排序前三位分别为胃肠疾病1 276频次(20.90%)、皮肤及皮肤附件损害1 110频次(18.18%)和全身性损害877频次(14.37%)。最常见的ADR症状表现为恶心753频次(9.88%),皮疹694频次(9.10%)。57.52%的ADR在用药后6 h内发生。结论:老年人ADR涉及药品品种多,累及多个系统/器官,应加强老年人用药的主动监测并对其用药风险进行评估,尽可能减少老年人ADR的发生。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the ADR of elderly patients and understand the characteristics of ADR in the elderly. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 5 411 elderly ADRs reported by ADR monitoring center in 2015. The data of patients’ age, sex, number of suspected drugs, first suspected drug category, systemic / organ damage, ADR performance, ADR Induction period, the relevance of evaluation and outcome and other projects. RESULTS: In the 5 411 elderly ADRs, the male-to-female ratio was 1.28: 1, with a higher proportion of reported serious ADRs in multiple suspected drugs compared with only 1 suspected drug (P <0.001). A total of 6 104 frequency systems / organs were involved in ADR. The top three were 1 276 frequency (20.90%) for gastrointestinal diseases, 1 110 frequency (18.18%) and 877 frequency (14.37%) for skin and skin lesions, respectively . The most common symptoms of ADR were nausea 753 (9.88%) and rash 694 (9.10%). 57.52% of ADR occurred within 6 h after treatment. Conclusion: ADR involves many kinds of drugs and involves multiple systems / organs in the elderly. Active monitoring of the elderly should be strengthened and risk of medication should be evaluated to reduce ADR in the elderly as much as possible.