前言森林是一种生物地理群落,决定这个群落发生和发展的主要动力,一方面在于植物和环境之间的相互作用,另一方面在于植物之间的相互作用。由于这些作用的结果,使任何森林(林分)在外貌上具有一定的结构。研究林木的结构与功能,在实践上具有重大意义。因为林木的构成状态,是影响林分生长、生产力以及稳定性的重要因素,同时它也影响着森林多种多样防护作用的发挥。我们不能将森林的结构只理解为外貌上的差异,而应该把它看成是树种之间生态关系的表现形式之一,是有其内在深刻的生物学意义的。因此,定向地控制林 Foreword Forests are a kind of biogeographical community that determines the occurrence and development of this community. The one hand, the interaction between plants and the environment, the other is the interaction between plants. As a result of these effects, any forest (stand) has a certain appearance in appearance. Studying the structure and function of trees has great significance in practice. Because the constitutional status of trees is an important factor that affects stand growth, productivity and stability, it also affects the diversification of forest protection. We can not interpret the structure of the forest only as a physical difference but rather as one of the manifestations of the ecological relations among tree species, which have their inherent profound biological significance. Therefore, the directional control of the forest