心理发展的概念与阶段 发展之本质与特点 为了了解儿童的心理与卫生,首先要明了心理发展的性质及其特性。所谓发展,乃是指一个生物个体在解剖结构、生理与心理功能上,依一定的程序,由简单、幼稚的状态,逐步演化、成长,变成较复杂、成熟的状态,而且日后接着渐而衰退、老化的整个程序与现象。我们都很熟悉青蛙由卵孵化、变成蝌蚪,长脚变成青蛙的“发展”过程。即:蝌蚪首先用尾巴在水里游泳,靠鳃在水里呼吸,但变成青蛙,长出四肢后改到陆地生活,靠肺呼吸行动,到处寻找食物,并找对象交配,然后在水里产卵,孵成蝌蚪,重复其生活周期。跟青蛙一样,我们人也遵循生物的发展原则,从受精卵变为胚胎,出生后长大成人。不仅是胚胎期按阶段发展,出生之后,一生都在继续发展;不仅躯体发 The concept of psychological development and the nature and characteristics of stage development In order to understand children’s psychology and health, we must first understand the nature of psychological development and its characteristics. The so-called development, but refers to a biological individual in the anatomical structure, physical and mental function, according to a certain procedure, from simple, naive state, and gradually evolved into a more complex and mature state, and then gradually The whole process and phenomenon of recession and aging. We are all familiar with the “development” of frogs by hatching eggs, turning them into tadpoles, and turning their long legs into frogs. That is: tadpoles swimming in the water first with their tails, gills in the water to breathe, but become frogs, grow limbs and change to land life, lungs breathing action, looking for food everywhere, and find the mating object, and then in the water Spawning, hatching tadpoles, repeat their life cycle. Like frogs, we also follow the principle of biological development, from fertilized eggs into embryos, grow up after birth. Not only is the stage of embryonic development, after birth, life continues to develop; not only the body fat