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(1 )目的 :以基本医疗为中心 ,进行关于健康的国际比较 ,从而明确日本在其中所处的相对地位。( 2 )方法 :作为表示国民健康水平的指标 ,过去一般使用平均寿命和婴幼儿死亡率 ,除此之外 ,增加了意外伤害调节平均寿命 ( WHO发表 )。在医疗服务的提供和消费量的指标里 ,尽量增加了关于基本医疗方面的内容。因为各指标都有必要考虑各个国家的医疗制度 ,所以作为社会保险方式的代表选了法国和德国 ,作为公有制服务方式的代表选了瑞典和英国 ,把这 4个国家的医疗制度的特点与日本相对比 ,进行了认真归纳、总结。( 3)结果和结论 :以基本医疗为中心 ,关于健康的国际比较结果 ,在发达国家中 ,以下几点可视为日本的特点 :·日本尽管医疗费用少 ,但国民的健康状况良好。但仅此一点 ,未必能说日本的医疗系统是高效率的。·日本病床数明显多 ,平均住院天数显著多 ,利用住院服务的人虽比其他国家少 ,但住院的人住院时间长得多。·日本的医疗在医疗费方面 ,门诊所占的比重大。这一点并不意味着在日本的医疗服务是重视基本医疗。·日本的医疗制度与实行社会保险方式的法国和德国相似 ,但在专科医疗定义和医疗报酬支付制度上与这些国家不同。而在受政府控制、医疗费保持在低水平这一点上 ,与英国相类似。但与重视基本医疗
(1) Purpose: To conduct international comparisons on health centered on basic medical care so as to clarify the relative position of Japan in it. (2) Methodology: In the past, average life expectancy and infant and young child mortality rates were generally used as indicators of national health. In addition, accidental injuries were adjusted to have an average life expectancy (WHO publication). In terms of the provision and consumption of medical services, the content of basic medical care was added as much as possible. Because it is necessary for each indicator to consider the medical system in each country, France and Germany were selected as representatives of the social insurance system. Sweden and Britain were selected as representatives of the public-owned service and the characteristics of the medical system in these four countries were compared with those of Japan In contrast, conducted a serious summary, concluded. (3) Results and conclusions: In the developed countries, basic health-centered international comparative results on health can be regarded as the characteristics of Japan: • Japan has a good health despite its low medical costs. But at this point, it may not be able to say that the Japanese medical system is highly efficient. · Significantly more beds in Japan, significantly more average days of hospitalization, and fewer people using inpatient services than those in other countries, however, hospital stays are much longer. · Japan’s medical treatment in the medical costs, outpatient accounts for a large proportion. This does not mean that medical services in Japan emphasize basic medical care. Japan’s health system is similar to France and Germany, which implement social insurance schemes, but differs from these countries in terms of specialist medical definitions and payment systems for medical remuneration. And in the government-controlled, medical expenses remain at a low level of this point, similar to the United Kingdom. But with emphasis on basic medical care