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目的环状RNA(circular RNAs,circRNAs)是一种不同于线性RNA的新型RNA,其广泛存在于各种生物细胞中。本研究总结了环状RNA的生物起源、作用机制以及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用。方法应用中国知网和PubMed中英文数据库,以“circRNAs和肿瘤”等为关键词,检索2014-2016年的相关文献。纳入标准:(1)circRNAs的生物学合成;(2)circRNAs的作用机制;(3)circRNAs在肿瘤发生发展中的作用。根据纳入标准,符合分析的文献35篇。结果 circRNA是一类新型非编码RNA,共价闭合环路所形成的环状结构是它的特征。这类具有组织特异性的转录本主要来自宿主基因的外显子或内含子序列。尽管已提出circRNAs多种生物起源模式,但是对circRNAs的了解还只是冰山一角。circRNAs的表达与多种疾病有关,并且可能作为该疾病新型诊断或预后预测的生物标志物。circRNAs可以调节与肿瘤相关的miRNAs的表达,这种circRNA-miRNA-mRNA轴可以调控与癌症相关通路,既可促进也可以拮抗肿瘤的发生发展。结论深入研究环状RNA在肿瘤的发生发展中所起的作用,有望在肿瘤的诊断和靶向治疗以及预后判断方面提供新的思路。
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel RNAs that differ from linear RNAs and are widely found in various biological cells. This study summarizes the biological origin of circular RNA, its mechanism of action and its role in tumorigenesis. Methods Using CNKI and PubMed databases, we searched the relevant articles from 2014 to 2016 with the keywords “circRNAs and tumor” as keywords. Inclusion criteria: (1) the biological synthesis of circRNAs; (2) the mechanism of action of circRNAs; and (3) the role of circRNAs in tumorigenesis. According to the inclusion criteria, 35 articles were analyzed. As a result, circRNAs are a new class of non-coding RNAs. The ring structure formed by the covalent closed loop is its characteristic. Such tissue-specific transcripts are primarily from exon or intron sequences of the host gene. Although a variety of biological origins of circRNAs have been proposed, understanding of circRNAs is just the tip of the iceberg. The expression of circRNAs is associated with a variety of diseases and may serve as a biomarker for the novel diagnosis or prognosis of the disease. CircRNAs can regulate the expression of tumor-associated miRNAs, which can regulate cancer-related pathways, which can both promote and suppress the development of tumors. Conclusions In-depth study of the role of circular RNA in the development of tumors is expected to provide new ideas in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and prognosis.