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铊中毒可导致多系统损害,神经系统症状尤为突出,临床误诊率及漏诊率极高。铊神经毒性机制仍不清楚,钾代谢失衡、谷胱甘肽代谢破坏及线粒体功能障碍可能与之相关。铊中毒临床症状以周围神经病、束状脱发、胃肠道症状最为突出,急性铊中毒通常伴有明显胃肠道症状,而神经系统症状在慢性中毒中占主要地位。血铊和尿铊检测对本病诊断有较高价值,普鲁士蓝及血液透析治疗是有效排毒途径。
Thallium poisoning can lead to multiple system damage, neurological symptoms are particularly prominent, clinical misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate is extremely high. The mechanism of thallium neurotoxicity remains unclear, potassium metabolism imbalance, glutathione metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction may be related to it. Clinical symptoms of thallium poisoning peripheral neuropathy, hair loss, gastrointestinal symptoms most prominent, acute thallium poisoning usually accompanied by obvious gastrointestinal symptoms, and neurological symptoms in chronic poisoning dominated. Thallium and urine thallium detection of the diagnosis of the disease have a higher value, Prussian blue and hemodialysis treatment is an effective detoxification pathway.