本文提出了根据发动机故障样本建立发动机故障方程并利用最优化方法(主特征量模型)求解的故障诊断方法。经验故障方程是不同于发动机小偏差方程的另一类故障方程,它为发动机故障诊断提供了一条简便易行的途径,并且使发动机故障诊断范围扩展到气路分析方法难以适用的场合。文申讨论了经验故障方程的建立方法,求解方法和应用特点,给出了利用经验故障方程进行发动机故障诊断的实例。 In this paper, a fault diagnosis method based on engine failure samples to establish engine failure equations and solve them by using optimization method (principal feature model) is proposed. The empirical failure equation is another kind of failure equation which is different from the small deviation equation of the engine. It provides an easy and convenient way for the engine fault diagnosis and extends the diagnostic range of the engine to the situations where the gas analysis method is difficult to apply. Wen Shen discusses the establishment of the empirical failure equation method, solution method and application characteristics, gives an example of the use of empirical failure equation for engine fault diagnosis.