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本文用三种方法估算了Chernobyl核电站RBMK-1000堆的事故释放量:1.与Windscare 反应堆的类比推算;2.按堆芯贮量估算;3.按波兰、芬兰等国的测量结果推算。估算结果:~(131)I释放量为(0.1～1.5)EBq,约占其堆芯贮量的4%～50%,~(103)Ru的释放量与~(137)Cs的相近,均约为~(131)I释放量的5%～10%;较易挥发核素~(99)Mo、~(103)Ru、~(132)Te、~(137)Cs的总释放量约为0.4EBq;其它难挥发核素的释放量约为0.2EBq;惰性气体及其它裂变产物的释放量约为10EBq,总释放量约为20EBq,占堆芯贮量的8%。放射性云团于5月初掠过我国,大气中~(131)I总量约为1.6PBq ~(137)Cs约为0.3PBq;;~(103)Ru约为0.2BPq。在国境内的沉积量:~(131)I约为3PBq,~(137)Cs约为0.1PBq,~(103)Ru约为0.3BPq。关键居民组个人所受有效剂量当负担约为60μSv,群体有效剂量当量负担为1×10~4·人·Sv。
In this paper, three methods are used to estimate the accident release of RBMK-1000 reactor in Chernobyl NPP: 1. Analogical calculation with Windscare reactor; 2. Estimation according to core stock volume; 3. Calculated according to the measurement results of Poland, Finland and other countries. The results show that the release of ~ (131) I is (0.1 ~ 1.5) EBq, which accounts for about 4% ~ 50% of the core stock, and the release of ~ (103) Ru is similar to that of ~ ~ (131) I ~ 5% ~ 10% of the total released amount of ~ (131) I. The total release of more volatile radionuclides ~ (99) Mo, ~ (103) Ru, ~ (132) Te and ~ 0.4EBq. The release of other non-volatile nuclides is about 0.2EBq. The release of inert gases and other fission products is about 10EBq and the total release is about 20EBq, accounting for 8% of the core storage. Radioactive clouds swept across China in early May. The total amount of ~ (131) I in the atmosphere is about 1.6PBq ~ (137) Cs, about 0.3PBq, and ~ (103) Ru is about 0.2BPq. Sediment deposition in the country: ~ (131) I is about 3PBq, ~ (137) Cs is about 0.1PBq, ~ (103) Ru is about 0.3BPq. In the key inhabitant group, the effective dose of the individual is about 60μSv, and the effective dose equivalent weight of the population is 1 × 10-4 · person · Sv.