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目的探讨住宅特点、生活方式与8~12岁儿童呼吸系统过敏性疾病的关系。方法于2012年12月—2013年1月调查北京市朝阳区某小学154名8~12岁儿童的呼吸系统过敏性疾病患病情况、儿童所在家庭住宅特点及生活方式、父母呼吸系统过敏性疾病史等,分析儿童呼吸系统过敏性疾病或症状的影响因素。结果 41.6%的儿童曾有过敏症状,28.6%的儿童曾患过敏性疾病。多因素分析表明,饲养宠物(OR=4.172)、出生时人工喂养(OR=2.744)、窗户密闭性强(OR=2.571)及父母有鼻炎史(OR=6.604)均可能增加儿童患过敏性鼻炎的风险;儿童有过敏症状的危险因素包括住宅内有通风设备(OR=2.992)、出生时人工喂养(OR=1.790)、不常换洗儿童被褥(OR=2.081)和父母有过敏性疾病史(OR=3.109~3.427),均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论住宅靠近交通主干道、面积偏小、窗户密闭性强等住宅特点及饲养宠物、不常换洗被褥、出生时人工喂养等生活方式可能增加儿童呼吸系统过敏性疾病的发生率。
Objective To explore the relationship between residential characteristics, lifestyle and respiratory system allergic diseases in children aged 8 ~ 12 years old. Methods From December 2012 to January 2013, 154 children aged 8-12 years in a primary school in Chaoyang District of Beijing were surveyed for the prevalence of respiratory allergic diseases, characteristics of family houses and lifestyle of children, and allergic diseases of parents and respiratory system History, analysis of children respiratory allergic diseases or symptoms affecting factors. Results 41.6% of children had allergic symptoms and 28.6% of children had allergic diseases. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in children with OR (4.172), artificial feeding at birth (OR = 2.744), strong airtight window (OR = 2.571) and parents with rhinitis (OR = 2.992), artificial feeding at birth (OR = 1.790), infants and young children changing mattresses (OR = 2.081) and their parents had a history of allergic diseases OR = 3.109 ~ 3.427), all of which were statistically significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusions Residential lifestyle close to traffic trunk roads, small area, strong airtight windows, and keeping pets, not changing bedding frequently and feeding at birth may increase the incidence of allergic respiratory diseases in children.