论文部分内容阅读
在英语中,代词whoever、whomever、whatever和whichever被称为复合关系代词。复合关系代词兼具先行词与关系代词的作用, 常用于引导名词性从句。但是,很多同学弄不清复合代词的用法,在使用时经常出错。那么,我们就一起来学习复合代词的用法吧!
一、 复合关系代词whoever、whomever、whatever和whichever用于引导名词性从句,意为“任何……”。
1. whoever意为“任何人”,在从句中通常作主语,相当于anyone who。例如:Whoever comes late will have to sing a song.谁迟到,谁就得唱歌。(划线部分为主语从句,代词whoever在句中作主语。)
2. whomever意为“任何人”,在从句中通常作宾语,相当于anyone whom。但是,在口语中,英美人士常用whoever代替whomever。例如:You may invite whomever you like to the party.你可以邀请你喜欢的任何人参加这个派对。(划线部分为宾语从句,whomever作动词like的宾语。)
3. whatever意为“任何……的事物”,相当于anything that,在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语;作“什么样的”时,在句中作定语。
(1) Whatever I have is at your service.你可以随便使用我的东西。(划线部分为主语从句,whatever作动词have的宾语。)
(2) You can do whatever you want in your spare time.在业余时间,你可以做你喜欢的任何事。(划线部分为宾语从句,whatever作动词want的宾语。)
(3) You can have whatever car you like.你可以拥有你喜欢的任何一辆汽车。(划线部分为宾语从句,whatever作定语,修饰名词car。)
4. whichever“任何一个”,既可指人,又可指物,通常表示在一定的范围内进行选择。在从句中,whichever可作主语、表语或宾语,有时也可作定语。例如:
(1) Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们谁第一个到这儿,谁就获奖。(划线部分为主语从句,whichever of you在句中作主语。)
(2) Choose whichever brand you prefer.挑选你喜欢的任何一种品牌。(划线部分为宾语从句,whichever作定语,修饰名词brand。)
二、 代词whoever、whomever、whatever和whichever可引导让步状语从句,意为“无论……”。主句和从句之间通常有逗号隔开,主句和从句的句子成分完整。
1. whoever意为“无论谁”,相当于no matter who。例如:I don’t want to see them, whoever/no matter whom they are.无论他们是谁,我都不想见。
2. whomever意为“无论谁”,相当于no matter whom。例如:Whomever you invite, he or she will be welcome.无论你邀请谁,我们都欢迎。
3. whatever意为“无论什么”,相当于no matter what。例如:
(1) Whatever/no matter what mum may say, I won’t change my mind.无论妈妈说什么,我都不会改变主意。
(2) Whatever/no matter what decision John made, I would support it.无论约翰做出什么决定,我都会支持他。
4. whichever“无论哪个”,相当于no matter which。例如:
Whichever day you come, we will be pleased to see you.无论你哪一天来,我们都很高兴。
用法归纳
复合代词whoever、whomever、whatever和whichever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句。引导状语从句时,可分别替换为no matter who/whom/what/which。而“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。值得注意的是,名词性从句与主句之间通常没有逗号,而让步状语从句和主句之间通常有逗号隔开。
【高考真题例析】
① _ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.(2013江西)
A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever
【最佳答案】C。
【名师解析】句意为:无论你们当中谁打破了玻璃都得赔偿。分析题干可知,句首到window为主语从句,从句缺少主语,因此填Whichever“无论谁”。
② They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, _ they might have.(2013上海)
A. however difficult B. how difficult C. what difficulty D. whatever difficulty 【最佳答案】D。
【名师解析】句意为:无论遇到什么困难,他们承诺在年底前开发一个新的软件包。逗号为让步状语从句,因此填whatever作定语,修饰difficulty。
③ We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the
movie star. (2012福建)
A. whoever B. whom C. who D. whomever
【最佳答案】A。
【名师解析】句意为:我们向参加会议的人承诺,他们有机会与那位电影明星合照。分析题干可知,动词promise 之后为宾语从句,填whoever表示“凡是……的人” 。
④ As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you
best.(2012陕西)
A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
【最佳答案】B。
【名师解析】句意为:学校提供了五门课程。你们可以选择最适合自己的。分析题干可知,动词choose之后为宾语从句,从句缺少主语,因此填whichever“任何一个”。
【小试牛刀】从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
① Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014北京卷)
A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. however
② The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.(2012辽宁)
A. wherever B. however C. whichever D. whatever
③ To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with.(2011重庆)
A. whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. wherever
一、 复合关系代词whoever、whomever、whatever和whichever用于引导名词性从句,意为“任何……”。
1. whoever意为“任何人”,在从句中通常作主语,相当于anyone who。例如:Whoever comes late will have to sing a song.谁迟到,谁就得唱歌。(划线部分为主语从句,代词whoever在句中作主语。)
2. whomever意为“任何人”,在从句中通常作宾语,相当于anyone whom。但是,在口语中,英美人士常用whoever代替whomever。例如:You may invite whomever you like to the party.你可以邀请你喜欢的任何人参加这个派对。(划线部分为宾语从句,whomever作动词like的宾语。)
3. whatever意为“任何……的事物”,相当于anything that,在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语;作“什么样的”时,在句中作定语。
(1) Whatever I have is at your service.你可以随便使用我的东西。(划线部分为主语从句,whatever作动词have的宾语。)
(2) You can do whatever you want in your spare time.在业余时间,你可以做你喜欢的任何事。(划线部分为宾语从句,whatever作动词want的宾语。)
(3) You can have whatever car you like.你可以拥有你喜欢的任何一辆汽车。(划线部分为宾语从句,whatever作定语,修饰名词car。)
4. whichever“任何一个”,既可指人,又可指物,通常表示在一定的范围内进行选择。在从句中,whichever可作主语、表语或宾语,有时也可作定语。例如:
(1) Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们谁第一个到这儿,谁就获奖。(划线部分为主语从句,whichever of you在句中作主语。)
(2) Choose whichever brand you prefer.挑选你喜欢的任何一种品牌。(划线部分为宾语从句,whichever作定语,修饰名词brand。)
二、 代词whoever、whomever、whatever和whichever可引导让步状语从句,意为“无论……”。主句和从句之间通常有逗号隔开,主句和从句的句子成分完整。
1. whoever意为“无论谁”,相当于no matter who。例如:I don’t want to see them, whoever/no matter whom they are.无论他们是谁,我都不想见。
2. whomever意为“无论谁”,相当于no matter whom。例如:Whomever you invite, he or she will be welcome.无论你邀请谁,我们都欢迎。
3. whatever意为“无论什么”,相当于no matter what。例如:
(1) Whatever/no matter what mum may say, I won’t change my mind.无论妈妈说什么,我都不会改变主意。
(2) Whatever/no matter what decision John made, I would support it.无论约翰做出什么决定,我都会支持他。
4. whichever“无论哪个”,相当于no matter which。例如:
Whichever day you come, we will be pleased to see you.无论你哪一天来,我们都很高兴。
用法归纳
复合代词whoever、whomever、whatever和whichever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句。引导状语从句时,可分别替换为no matter who/whom/what/which。而“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。值得注意的是,名词性从句与主句之间通常没有逗号,而让步状语从句和主句之间通常有逗号隔开。
【高考真题例析】
① _ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.(2013江西)
A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever
【最佳答案】C。
【名师解析】句意为:无论你们当中谁打破了玻璃都得赔偿。分析题干可知,句首到window为主语从句,从句缺少主语,因此填Whichever“无论谁”。
② They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, _ they might have.(2013上海)
A. however difficult B. how difficult C. what difficulty D. whatever difficulty 【最佳答案】D。
【名师解析】句意为:无论遇到什么困难,他们承诺在年底前开发一个新的软件包。逗号为让步状语从句,因此填whatever作定语,修饰difficulty。
③ We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the
movie star. (2012福建)
A. whoever B. whom C. who D. whomever
【最佳答案】A。
【名师解析】句意为:我们向参加会议的人承诺,他们有机会与那位电影明星合照。分析题干可知,动词promise 之后为宾语从句,填whoever表示“凡是……的人” 。
④ As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you
best.(2012陕西)
A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
【最佳答案】B。
【名师解析】句意为:学校提供了五门课程。你们可以选择最适合自己的。分析题干可知,动词choose之后为宾语从句,从句缺少主语,因此填whichever“任何一个”。
【小试牛刀】从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
① Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014北京卷)
A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. however
② The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.(2012辽宁)
A. wherever B. however C. whichever D. whatever
③ To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with.(2011重庆)
A. whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. wherever