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利用返回式卫星搭载5个水稻品种的干种子进行空间诱变处理,以及用同步辐射(软X射线和电子束)、质子和离子束处理水稻干种子,并与γ射线处理作比较,研究其细胞学效应。结果表明,供试的几种诱变因素均可诱发各类染色体结构变异,其细胞染色体畸变率明显高于对照。空间环境促进根尖细胞有丝分裂活动,其它诱变因素均不同程度地抑制根尖细胞有丝分裂活动。同步辐射等诱发的微核比例明显高于γ射线,而染色体桥的比例低于γ射线。5个供试品种的辐射敏感性随诱变因素和考察指标而变化。
Five kinds of dry seeds of rice varieties were carried out using space-return mutagenesis using a return satellite, and the dry seeds of rice were treated with synchrotron radiation (soft X-ray and electron beam), proton and ion beam and compared with γ-ray treatment Cytology effect. The results showed that several mutagenic factors can induce various types of chromosome structure variation, the chromosome aberration rate was significantly higher than the control. Spatial environment can promote the mitotic activity of root tip cells. Other mutagenic factors inhibit the mitotic activity of root tip cells to varying degrees. The proportion of micronuclei induced by synchrotron radiation was significantly higher than that of γ-rays, while the proportion of chromosome bridges was lower than that of γ-rays. The radiosensitivity of the five cultivars varied with the mutagenic factors and the indexes investigated.