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目的探讨供电企业作业人员作业时间对职业紧张水平的影响。方法采用整群抽样的方法选择广东省珠江三角洲、粤西地区各1家供电企业共804名员工作为研究对象,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)进行问卷调查,计算OSI-R的职业任务问卷(ORQ,包括任务过重、任务不适、任务模糊、任务冲突、责任感和工作环境6个子项目)、个体紧张反应问卷(PSQ,包括业务、心理、人际关系和躯体紧张反应4个子项目)、个体应对资源问卷(PRQ,包括娱乐休闲、自我保健、社会支持和理性处事4个子项目)总分和各个子项目得分,根据不同日平均工作时间、周工作天数、日使用电脑时间和户外工作时间分组进行统计分析。结果除任务模糊、娱乐休闲和社会支持子项目外,日平均工作时间>8 h组3个问卷总分和其余子项目得分均低于≤8 h组(P<0.05);除任务模糊、娱乐休闲、业务和人际关系子项目外,周工作时间>5 d组3个问卷总分和其余子项目得分均低于≤5 d组(P<0.05);不同日使用电脑时间组间ORQ、PSQ和PRQ总分两两比较,<2 h组与4 h~组,6 h~组与4 h~组的ORQ总分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);<2 h组与其余4组、2 h~组分别与4 h~组、8 h~组的PSQ总分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余各项总分的两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同户外工作时间组间ORQ、PSQ和PRQ得分组间两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论供电企业作业人员职业紧张水平受工作时间影响,适度避免超时作业,有利于缓解其职业紧张水平。
Objective To explore the influence of working hours of power supply enterprises on occupational stress level. Methods Using cluster sampling method, a total of 804 employees from one power supply enterprise in the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province and one power supply enterprise in the west of Guangdong Province were selected as the research objects. OSI-R was used for questionnaire survey to calculate the occupational tasks of OSI-R Questionnaire (ORQ, including 6 sub-tasks of overwork, discomfort of tasks, ambiguity of tasks, conflict of tasks, responsibility and work environment), individual stress response questionnaire (PSQ including 4 subprojects of business, psychological, interpersonal and somatic reactions) Individual responses to the resource questionnaire (PRQ, including 4 items of entertainment and leisure, self-care, social support and rational service) and individual sub-project scores were calculated according to different average daily working hours, working days per week, daily computer use hours and outdoor working hours Grouping for statistical analysis. Results In addition to fuzzy tasks, entertainment and social support sub-projects, the scores of the three questionnaires and the remaining sub-items in the average daily working hours of> 8 h were lower than those of ≤ 8 h (P <0.05) Leisure, business and interpersonal relationship, the scores of the three questionnaires and the remaining sub-items in weekdays> 5 days were lower than those in ≤5 days (P <0.05); ORQ, PSQ Compared with the total score of PRQ, ORQ scores of <2 h group and 4 h ~ 6 h ~ 4 h ~ group were significantly different (P <0.05); <2 h group and The other four groups, 2 h ~ group were 4 h ~ 8 h ~ group PSQ total score, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); the rest of the total score of any comparison, the difference was not Statistical significance (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference between ORQ, PSQ and PRQ score groups in different outdoor working hours (P> 0.05). Conclusion The level of occupational stress in power supply enterprises is affected by the working hours, and the overtime operation is moderately avoided, which helps to alleviate the occupational stress.