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在英语中为了避免重复,省略掉句中一个或几个成分,这种现象称为“省略”。省略可以使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出、表达有力。省略是高中英语中的一个重要语法项目,也是高考中经常考查的内容,为帮助学生较好地掌握其用法,本文对中学英语中常见的省略现象进行了总结归纳。
1. 省略主语
a. (I) Beg your pardon.
b. (It) Looks like rain.
c. (It) Doesn’t matter.
2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分
a. (Is there) Anything I can do for you?
b. (Take) Hats off,please.
c. ( Does) Anybody need help?
3. 省略主语和谓语或谓语的一部分
a. (It’s a) Pity you couldn’t come.
b. (It’s a) Lovely day,isn’t it?
c. (Have you) Had your breakfast?
4. 省略宾语
a. — Is Mr King in the office?
— Sorry,I don’t know (whether Mr King is in the office).
b. — Which of them is the better choice?
— Well,it’s hard to tell (whichofthem is the best answer).
5. 省略冠词
a. Child as he is,he knows a lot. (as引导的让步状语从句单数名词前省略冠词。)
b. He was elected monitor of our class. (表头衔的名词前通常省略冠词。)
c. Later he turned writer. (turn后面的单数名词前省略冠词。)
6. 简略答语
a. — How are you getting along withyour classmates?
— Pretty well. (I am getting along pretty well with my classmates.)
b. — Can you repair it yourself?
— I am afraid not. (I am afraid that Ican’t repair it myself.)
7. 并列句中第二个分句与前面相同的成分可以省略
a. This watch keeps good time but that one doesn’t (keep good time).
b. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
c. They discussed whether they should stay in the house or (they should) try the open air.
8. 定语从句中做宾语的关系词可以省略
a. Do you remember the place (that / which) we visited last year?
b. That is the naughty boy (whom / that) we talked about just now.
c. I don’t like the way (that /which) he explained to me.
(比较I don’t like the way (in which / that) he speaks to us. 此句中关系词做状语)
9. 省略if 的虚拟条件句
(if从句中含有were / had / should,省略if,把were / had / should提前)
a. Were I you,I wouldn’t do such a thing.
b. Should the machine break down again,send it back to us.
c. Had you worked harder,you would have past the exam.
10. 时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句省略主语和be
(从句的主语和主句主语一致,谓语中含有be,省略从句的主语和be)
a. While (I was) at college,I began to know him.
b. I won’t go to the party unless (I am) invited
c. She covered her face with her hands as if (she were) crying.
11. 省略比较、时间、条件状语从句中的it 和be
a. She has finished the work earlier than (it was) expected.
b. He finished his work as (it had been) planned.
c. If (it is) necessary,ring me at once.
1. 省略主语
a. (I) Beg your pardon.
b. (It) Looks like rain.
c. (It) Doesn’t matter.
2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分
a. (Is there) Anything I can do for you?
b. (Take) Hats off,please.
c. ( Does) Anybody need help?
3. 省略主语和谓语或谓语的一部分
a. (It’s a) Pity you couldn’t come.
b. (It’s a) Lovely day,isn’t it?
c. (Have you) Had your breakfast?
4. 省略宾语
a. — Is Mr King in the office?
— Sorry,I don’t know (whether Mr King is in the office).
b. — Which of them is the better choice?
— Well,it’s hard to tell (whichofthem is the best answer).
5. 省略冠词
a. Child as he is,he knows a lot. (as引导的让步状语从句单数名词前省略冠词。)
b. He was elected monitor of our class. (表头衔的名词前通常省略冠词。)
c. Later he turned writer. (turn后面的单数名词前省略冠词。)
6. 简略答语
a. — How are you getting along withyour classmates?
— Pretty well. (I am getting along pretty well with my classmates.)
b. — Can you repair it yourself?
— I am afraid not. (I am afraid that Ican’t repair it myself.)
7. 并列句中第二个分句与前面相同的成分可以省略
a. This watch keeps good time but that one doesn’t (keep good time).
b. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
c. They discussed whether they should stay in the house or (they should) try the open air.
8. 定语从句中做宾语的关系词可以省略
a. Do you remember the place (that / which) we visited last year?
b. That is the naughty boy (whom / that) we talked about just now.
c. I don’t like the way (that /which) he explained to me.
(比较I don’t like the way (in which / that) he speaks to us. 此句中关系词做状语)
9. 省略if 的虚拟条件句
(if从句中含有were / had / should,省略if,把were / had / should提前)
a. Were I you,I wouldn’t do such a thing.
b. Should the machine break down again,send it back to us.
c. Had you worked harder,you would have past the exam.
10. 时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句省略主语和be
(从句的主语和主句主语一致,谓语中含有be,省略从句的主语和be)
a. While (I was) at college,I began to know him.
b. I won’t go to the party unless (I am) invited
c. She covered her face with her hands as if (she were) crying.
11. 省略比较、时间、条件状语从句中的it 和be
a. She has finished the work earlier than (it was) expected.
b. He finished his work as (it had been) planned.
c. If (it is) necessary,ring me at once.