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一、经济成效不理想的原因何在1986年,苏联的经济增长率为4.1%,而1987年仅增长了2.3%。改革进展缓慢、成效不如人愿的原因在于: (1)由于改革而丧失权力的官僚对改革的抵制;(2)习惯于指令性计划经济的企业经营者对改革不积极;(3)苏联国民对改革的必要性缺乏切身感受;(4)最重要的问题是与经济的巨大改革相伴随的实质性的困难。经济犹如一部复杂的精密仪器,牵一发而动全身,因此,从中央集权型经济向市场经济转轨是需要时间的。
First, why economic performance is not ideal Why in 1986, the Soviet Union’s economic growth rate of 4.1%, while in 1987 only increased by 2.3%. The reasons for the slow progress and ineffective reforms are as follows: (1) bureaucratic resistance to reforms due to power loss; (2) business operators accustomed to the planned economy are not active in reform; (3) Soviet nationals Lack of personal experience of the need for reform; and (4) the most important issue is the substantial difficulty that accompanies the immense economic reform. The economy is like a complicated and sophisticated instrument, which leads the whole body. Therefore, it takes time to shift from a centrally-centralized economy to a market economy.