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本文考察在区域史研究视角下的港口转移,即明末清初东南海域社会经济结构制约下港口变化的机制。区域史近年来积累的丰富研究个案,不仅改变了学界对地域丰富历史层次和对区域与国家等多层级组织关联的认识,也产生了方法论上的自觉:区域史或“地方史”研究绝非通过众多个案进行概括、总结、拼接,而是在个案中进行概括、在区域史研究中揭示结构性特点、在地方史研究中彰显全局性的共性与意义。由西班牙与荷兰的档案文献,参照以其他同期非系统性史料,可以看到在明末到清初百余年间,福建沿海的主要对外贸易港口从月港(海澄)转移到了安海。这种转移是在东南陆海间泛海寇主导的日常秩序与西荷冲突的背景下、基于不同人事背景和更广泛的区域联结产生的。理解这一点,即能从看似零散的档案记载中,理解从月港到安海的机制、领会在特定时空下存在的日常秩序及其对历史变迁的影响。本文揭示港口转移史事,以此例显示明清交替及南明史、中西交通、社会经济史三大研究范式和框架的结合点,并以此结合点反映重视结构研究的必要性和可能性。
This paper examines the port transfer from the perspective of regional history research, that is, the mechanism of port changes under the constraints of the socio-economic structure of the southeastern sea region in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The rich research case accumulated by regional history in recent years has not only changed the academic community’s understanding of the rich history of the region and the association between regions and countries at different levels, but also led to the methodological conscientiousness: the study of regional history or “local history” Instead of summarizing, concluding and stitching through numerous cases, it is generalized in individual cases to reveal structural features in the study of regional history and demonstrate the commonalities and meanings of the whole world in the study of local history. From the archival documents of Spain and the Netherlands, with reference to other non-systematic historical data of the same period, we can see that in the more than 100 years from the end of the Ming Dynasty to the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the major foreign trade ports along Fujian’s coast were transferred from Yuegang (Haicheng) to Anhai. This shift has taken place on the basis of different personnel backgrounds and broader regional ties in the context of the daily order led by pan-sea corps southeast coasts and the conflicts in the West Bank. Understanding this is the understanding of the mechanism from Moon Harbor to Anhai, from the seemingly fragmented archives, of the daily order that exists under a particular time and space and its impact on historical change. This article reveals the history of the port transfer, as an example to show the Ming and Qing Dynasties alternate and the history of South Ming, China and the West traffic, socio-economic history of the three research paradigms and framework of the combination point, and this combination of points reflects the importance and importance of structural studies.