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目的通过对侧颅底解剖学结构的观察与测量,为临床侧颅底手术的定位、导航提供解剖学依据。方法10%甲醛浸泡的成人尸头10个(20侧),观测颈静脉球区域神经血管、颈内动脉毗邻的解剖关系。结果颈静脉球,其形态可分为隆起型和低平型,舌咽神经多位于颈静脉球前内侧者,迷走神经和副神经多位于颈静脉球内侧者,颈内动脉岩骨段距离鼓膜张肌的长度平均为2.2 mm,距离下颌神经和脑膜中动脉的平均长度分别为6.9 mm和6.8 mm。结论侧颅底血管和神经分布密集,术者了解侧颅底血管和神经的解剖关系,有利于手术中安全扩大手术视野,避免术中损伤血管、神经。
Objective To observe and measure the anatomical structure of lateral skull base to provide anatomical basis for the positioning and navigation of lateral skull base surgery. Methods Ten (20 sides) of adult cadaver heads immersed in 10% formaldehyde were observed. The anatomic relationships of adjacent neurovascular and internal carotid arteries in the jugular bulb were observed. The results of the jugular bulb, the shape can be divided into elevated and low-level type, the glossopharyngeal nerve located in the anterior medial jugular bulb, the vagus nerve and accessory nerve in the medial jugular bulb, the internal carotid artery petrosal segment from the tympanic membrane The average muscle length was 2.2 mm and the average length from the mandibular nerve to the middle meningeal artery was 6.9 mm and 6.8 mm, respectively. Conclusion Side of the skull base blood vessels and nerves are densely distributed, the surgeon understands the anatomy of the lateral skull base vessels and nerves, is conducive to safely expand the surgical field of vision, to avoid intraoperative vascular injury, nerves.