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目的了解贵州省狂犬病高发地区的影响因素,为制定适合农村地区的有针对性干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,所有调查数据用EpiData软件录入,用Excel2003软件进行统计分析。结果近年镇宁县狂犬病发病严重,2005年和2006年狂犬病发病率分别为6.16/10万和5.19/10万,病例暴露主要由犬伤所致。养犬数量大,导致人群犬伤暴露率较高,2006年为6.47%,学生人群暴露率(10.58%)与农民暴露率(5.05%)差异有统计学意义(χ2=36.57,P<0.001)。暴露人群中有31.40%暴露者未到医疗机构处理、35.41%未接种狂犬病疫苗、Ⅲ度暴露者中仅4.26%使用了狂犬病免疫球蛋白,村民狂犬病防治知识的知晓率低。结论被调查地区饲养犬密度高而免疫率低、人群暴露率较高和人群暴露后处置率较低等是狂犬病高发的主要因素。
Objective To understand the influential factors of rabies-prone areas in Guizhou Province and provide basis for developing targeted interventions suitable for rural areas. Methods The multi-stage sampling method was used. All survey data were entered using EpiData software and analyzed by Excel2003 software. Results The incidence of rabies in Zhenning County was serious in recent years. The prevalence rates of rabies in 2005 and 2006 were 6.16 / lakh and 5.19 / lakh, respectively. The cases were mainly caused by dog wounds. The number of dog breeds was high, leading to a higher rate of dog breed wounding in 2006, 6.47%. There was a statistically significant difference between student population exposure rate (10.58%) and farmer exposure rate (5.05%) (χ2 = 36.57, P <0.001) . In the exposed population, 31.40% of the exposed persons did not reach the medical institutions, 35.41% did not receive the rabies vaccine, and only 4.26% of the third degree exposed persons used rabies immunoglobulin, and the awareness rate of villager’s rabies prevention and control was low. Conclusion The main factors causing high incidence of rabies are the high density of dogs in the surveyed areas, low immunization rate, high population exposure and low post-exposure rate.