荷塞·马蒂是十九世纪古巴的一位杰出革命家,也是那个世纪拉丁美洲文学中最重要的一位诗人。他一生中只有很少时间从事文学创作,但是他的诗作,对拉丁美洲文学产生了深远的影响。 荷塞·马蒂一八五三年生于古巴一个小官吏家庭。一八六九年,十六岁的中学生马蒂就帮助革命教师编辑报纸《自由祖国》,鼓吹古巴独立解放,因而受到西班牙殖民当局的迫害,并被关进监狱,服了七个月苦役,随后又被流放到远离祖国的西班牙。从那时起,马蒂 Jose Marti, an outstanding revolutionary in Cuba in the XIX century, was also the most important poet in Latin American literature of that century. He had little time in his life to write literature, but his poetry had a profound influence on Latin American literature. Hussein Martyr was born in 1853 to a small bureaucratic family in Cuba. In 1869, Marty, a 16-year-old high school student, assisted the revolutionary teachers in editing the newspaper Freedom Motherland, advocating Cuba’s independence and liberation, thus being persecuted by the Spanish colonial authorities and put in jail for seven months. It was then exiled to Spain, far from the motherland. Since then, Marty