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DNA分子损伤的修复作用是生物体在长期进化过程中获得的。它保持了生物遗传的稳定性,即当作为遗传信息载体的DNA双链中的某一条多核苷酸链的一片段受到内外各种因素损伤时,另一条多核苷酸链不仅能继续传递遗传信息,而且还能修复损伤,使之恢复原状,此称为“DNA修复”。研究哺乳动物DNA损伤的修复不仅能了解到哪些外界因素是对机体有害的,而且可以知道在DNA中哪些反应性产物是潜在致癌的和哪些组织是比较敏感的。
The repair of DNA molecule damage is obtained during long-term evolution of organisms. It maintains the stability of biological inheritance, that is, when a fragment of a certain polynucleotide strand in a DNA double strand which is a carrier of genetic information is damaged by various internal and external factors, another polynucleotide strand can not only continue to transmit genetic information. , but also to repair damage and restore it to the original, this is called “DNA repair.” The study of mammalian DNA damage repair can not only understand what external factors are harmful to the body, but also can know which reactive products in DNA are potentially carcinogenic and which tissues are more sensitive.