一、前言一个国家并不是在所有的方面具有竞争力,而是在某一个方面形成核心竞争力,从而带动其他相关行业的发展。港口竞争力铸就国家竞争力、国家竞争力打造国家实力。中国港口业的竞争层次分为港口集团内部的竞争、港口公司间的竞争、不同地区间港口之间的竞争、区域间和国家间的竞争。此外,货主和船东的议价能力、国内和国外基金公司、投资商进入的威胁也构成了港口的立体化竞争。低成本竞争可以维持其竞争力,但却令寻求功能性服务的货主和船东望而却步;差异化竞争满足了特殊需求的货主和船东的要求, I. INTRODUCTION A country is not competitive in all aspects but forms core competitiveness in one aspect so as to promote the development of other related industries. Port competitiveness casts national competitiveness and national competitiveness builds national strength. The competition level of China’s port industry is divided into competition within the port group, competition among port companies, competition among ports in different regions, competition among regions and countries. In addition, the bargaining power of cargo owners and shipowners, the threats of domestic and foreign fund companies and investors also constitute the three-dimensional competition in ports. Low-cost competition can maintain its competitiveness, but it has deterred shippers and shipowners seeking functional services. Differentiated competition meets the requirements of both the owner and the owner of special needs.