梳理我国铁路改革历程,我们可以明显看出宏观层次、中观层次(或产业层次)和微观层次三个层次的制度性变革。那么,铁路改革面临的最基本制度问题是什么,宏观层次、产业层次和微观层次制度变革的次序和内在逻辑是什么?只有理性地回答了这些问题,我们才能客观地看待我国铁路制度性变革的复杂性和 Combing the course of railway reform in our country, we can clearly see the institutional changes at the macro level, the meso level (or the industrial level) and the micro level. So what are the most basic institutional problems that the railway reform faces? What are the order and internal logic of the macro-level, industrial-level and micro-level institutional changes? Only by rationally answering these questions can we objectively look at the institutional changes of the railway system in our country Complexity and