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1948年出版的《裸者与死者》是美国作家诺曼·梅勒的成名作。这部反映第二次世界大战的小说没有将视线聚焦于敌我双方的战争场面,而是将笔墨更多地倾注于美军内部的矛盾冲突上,期间的各色人物成了美国社会的一个缩影。作者借此影射了美国社会的各种紧张关系以及个人的精神混乱状态,揭示了美国社会“民主”表象下,人的主体性被极权主义等所消解的种种危机。该作品与同时代的美国化存在主义思想具有一定的契合。通过存在与本质的冲突、权力与自由的冲突以及个人自身的思想对立三方面来解读《裸者与死者》中的人性冲突。
The Naked and Dead, published in 1948, is the famed masterpiece of American writer Norman Mellor. Instead of focusing its attention on the war scenes between the two sides, this novel reflecting World War II focuses more on the contradictions and conflicts within the U.S. military. During this period, the various characters in the world became a microcosm of American society. The author uses this to illustrate various kinds of tensions in American society and the chaotic state of individuals, and reveals the crises in which the subjectivity of human beings has been dissolved by totalitarianism under the appearance of American society as “democracy.” This work has some agreement with contemporary American existentialism. Through the conflicts between existence and nature, the conflict between power and freedom, and the individual’s own ideological opposition, this article interprets the human-nature conflict in “The Naked and the Dead”.