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20世纪80年代以来,市场机制作为替代方案被逐步引入到公共服务提供中来。本文研究的是一种特殊的公共服务职能——民法公证员——并试图从公证员这个角度来分析,由于选择了公务员地位的市场化道路,都有哪些因素导致了多元市场结构的形成。葡萄牙政府给予公证员成为自由职业者的选择并由司法管辖区规定其权利。这项改革完成后,不同的市场结构遍布于278个公证司法管辖区。我们的主要假设是,有着多元代理机构的市场,形成于公证员数量多到更加有利可图的地步,且法律行为具有财务上的可持续性,能够获利的司法管辖区。相反,垄断的形成则是明显缺乏市场机会和需求的结果。2010一2011年间,我们收集了有关公证员制度的官方统计数据以及每个司法管辖权的经济、人口统计数据。对于葡萄牙大陆278个公证管辖区内市场安排的关键假设的验证,我们使用的是多元逻辑回归分析法。对实践工作者的启示解除对公证员职业管制的趋势可能会继续席卷整个欧盟国家。葡萄牙的经验告诉我们,虽然公务员地位的变化还没有强加给所有公证员,但在财政限制和压力下,(行政机构的)私有化是一个不可避免的选择。
Since the 1980s, the market mechanism has been gradually introduced into the provision of public services as an alternative. This paper studies a special public service function - civil law notary - and attempts to analyze it from the notary’s point of view. Due to the marketization of civil servant status, what are the factors that lead to the formation of a pluralistic market structure? The Portuguese government gives the notary public an option to become a freelancer and to have its rights regulated by the jurisdiction. After the reform was completed, different market structures spanned 278 notary jurisdictions. Our main assumption is that markets with multiple agencies are formed in jurisdictions where the number of notaries is more profitable and the legal acts are financially sustainable and profitable. On the contrary, the formation of monopoly is the obvious lack of market opportunities and the result of demand. From 2010 to 2011, we collected official statistics on the notary system and economic and demographic data for each jurisdiction. We used multivariate logistic regression to validate the key assumptions of market arrangements in 278 notary jurisdictions in Portugal. Inspiration to Practitioners The tendency to lift the regulation of notaries public employment may continue to sweep through the EU. The experience of Portugal tells us that while changes in the status of civil servants have not been imposed on all notaries, privatization (of the executive) is an inevitable choice under financial constraints and pressures.