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在制定电离辐射防护规章时,重要的是定量确定任何辐照的危险度。个人“躯体”危险度主要是受照器官癌的诱发,现已能根据大量详细的受照人群流行病学调查来估算。生殖细胞诱发的遗传变化造成的遗传效应危险度估算主要根据动物诱发这些效应的几率。根据对组织中引起辐射危害方式的知识可推导出很低剂量时“躯体”和遗传效应的危险度。辐射防护一整套制度就基于对全身和个别器官的剂量限制,以使癌
When formulating the regulations on ionizing radiation protection, it is important to quantify the risk of any radiation exposure. Individuals “body” risk is mainly induced by organ cancer and is now estimated on the basis of a large number of detailed epidemiological studies of exposed populations. The genetic effects of genetic changes induced by germ cells are estimated based on the risk of the animals evoking these effects. The risk of “somatic” and genetic effects at very low doses can be derived from knowledge of the manner in which radiation is caused in the tissue. The complete set of radiation protection regimes is based on dose limits on whole body and individual organs to make cancer