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目的调查目前北京中小学生家庭互动状况及相关因素,以便家庭成员能够积极主动调整家庭的互动状况,使家庭环境更适合儿童的健康成长。方法选择北京市东城区某学校二至九年级,每个年级随机两个班的学生作答家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ),对562份有效问卷的亲密度和矛盾性进行描述和相关分析。结果学生整体的家庭亲密度为7.17±2.13、矛盾性为2.53±2.12,与中国人常模比较,差异均有统计学显著性(分别为t=-5.937,P=0.000;t=3.674,P=0.000)。女生与男生相比家庭亲密度、矛盾性的差异均有统计学显著性(分别为t=3.261,P=0.001;t=-3.352,P=0.001);九年级女生家庭矛盾性出现高峰。四年级男女生均出现了家庭亲密度最高、矛盾性最低的结果。家庭环境与EPQ的内外向、神经质、精神质相关。结论中国大城市家庭环境已发生改变,应在更大范围内进行家庭环境中文版的问卷调查,以确立新的中国人常模;女生家庭更和睦,但父母应对九年级女生家庭矛盾高峰有心理准备;建议父母主动接受、适时推进“父母控制”向“儿童控制”的转化,使家庭更和睦和儿童健康成长,主动调整家庭环境以助于某些极端的个性特征向中间靠拢。
Objective To investigate the current situation of family interaction among primary and secondary school students in Beijing and their related factors so that family members can actively adjust the family interaction and make the family environment more suitable for the healthy growth of children. Methods Students from Grade 2 to Grade 9 in a school in Dongcheng District of Beijing were selected. FES-CV and EPQ were used in two randomized classes in each grade. 562 valid questionnaires Intimacy and contradiction to describe and correlate. Results The overall family intimacy was 7.17 ± 2.13 and the contradiction was 2.53 ± 2.12. The differences were statistically significant (t = -5.937, P = 0.000; t = 3.674, P = 0.000). The differences in family cohesion and contradiction between girls and boys were statistically significant (t = 3.261, P = 0.001; t = -3.352, P = 0.001). The peak of family conflict appeared in the ninth grade girls. Fourth grade boys and girls appeared the highest degree of family intimacy, the contradiction between the lowest results. EPQ family environment and the internal and external, neurotic, spiritual related. Conclusions The family environment in the Chinese cities has changed. The Chinese version of the family environment should be surveyed in a larger scale to establish a new Chinese norm. Girls’ families are more harmonious. However, parents should be psychologically aware of the peak of family conflict among the ninth grade girls Preparation; Advise parents to take the initiative to promote the “Parents Control ” to “Child Control ” transformation, so that more family harmony and child health growth, take the initiative to adjust the family environment to help some extreme personality traits move closer to the middle .