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目的 评估辽宁省全民健康生活方式行动对城乡居民知、信、行改变的效果.方法 2012年采取多阶段分层随机抽样的方法在辽宁省选择7个行动区县和7个非行动县区,对3 926名常住居民健康知识知晓、健康态度持有和健康行为形成等25项指标进行调查.结果 共发放问卷4 200份,回收有效问卷3 926份,有效应答率为93.5％.城市居民大部分健康知识知晓(＞50％)、态度持有(＞45％)和行为水平(17.2％ ～40.8％)明显高于农村居民(＜40％,＜35％,6.2％ ～19.8％).行动明显提高城市居民健康知识水平和腰围尺及BMI尺使用率;农村居民部分健康知识水平、态度持有情况和限盐工具、控油壶使用率提升1.04 ～7.70倍,但其他指标无明显变化.结论 后续行动应根据评估结果采取有针对性的技术措施,建立以结果为导向的行动绩效评估管理体系,采取综合措施大力提高知识传播的质量,切实解决影响态度转变和行为持有的主要障碍.“,”Objective To assess effects of the China Healthy Lifestyle for All (CHLA) project on variations in health knowledge,attitudes and practice (KAP) among urban and rural residents of Liaoning province.Methods Using multistage stratified random sampling,we conducted a survey among adult permanent residents in 14 districts or counties (7 with and 7 without the implementation of CHLA in 2010) in Liaoning province in 2012.A 25-item questionnaire on health KAP was used in the survey.Results Eligible information were collected from 3 926 participants and the effective response rate was 93.50％ for the 4 200 residents surveyed.Compared with rural participants,the urban participants reported higher ratios of being aware of most items of health knowledge (＞ 50％ vs.＜ 40％),having right attitude towards health-related activities (＞45％ vs.＜35％),and taking health promotion actions (17.2％-40.8％ vs.6.2％-19.8％).The implementation of CHLA raised the awareness rate of health knowledge and the usage rate of waist rulers and body mass index calculator significantly among urban participants.While,among the rural participants,the awareness rate of health knowledge and the usage rate of limited salt spoon and oil pot increased by 1.6-7.7 times but no significant changes in other health KAP indicators were observed after the implementation of CHLA.Conclusion The study results suggest that to solve main problems in the promotion of health attitude and practice among residents involved in CHLA project,an outcome-based performance evaluation management system should be established and the quality of health knowledge communication should be improved with specific techniques in future implementation of the project.