1905年,清朝在废除科举制度以后,开始开办新学堂。当时的课程以至教材都是从西方引进的,只有教授历代古文的科目是本国课程,当时称其为“国文”课。五四运动爆发,提倡使用白话文,反对文言文,因此国文课也受到了一定的冲击。在小学里,“国文”改设为“国语”课程,教材选用的内容都是白话短文或儿歌、故事等,具有鲜明的口语特点。 In 1905, after the abolition of the imperial examination system, the Qing Dynasty started to open a new school. At that time, the courses and even the teaching materials were all imported from the West. Only the subjects teaching the ancient essays of ancient times were the national courses, at that time they were called “Chinese” classes. The May Fourth Movement broke out, advocating the use of vernacular, anti-classical Chinese, so the Chinese class has also been a certain impact. In primary school, “Chinese” is changed to “Mandarin” course, and the contents of the textbook are all vernacular essays or songs, stories, etc., with distinctive spoken features.