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目的：探讨电子支气管镜代内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值。方法应用电子支气管镜代内科胸腔镜对36例常规传统的实验室方法仍然不能明确病因的胸腔积液患者进行检查，并回顾性分析其临床资料。结果36例患者均顺利完成了胸腔镜检查，其恶性胸腔积液(包括肺癌胸膜转移14例，乳腺癌胸膜转移3例，恶性胸膜间皮瘤1例)共18例(占50%)，结核性胸膜炎16例(占44.4%)，慢性炎症2例(占5.6%)。结论电子支气管镜代内科胸腔镜检查安全、有效，是呼吸内科医生易操作、易掌握的微创诊疗技术，并且在常规检查不能明确病因的胸腔积液诊断中有一定的临床应用价值。“,”Objective To investigate the role of electronic bronchoscope replacing thoracoscope to detect the unclear causes of pleural ef usion. Methods 36 patients with pleural ef usion, whose causes were stil unknown, were selected to be detected by the electronic bronchoscope replacing thoracoscope, and their clinical materials were retrospectively analyzed. Results ALL of 42 patients were successful y completed the electronic bronchoscopy, 18 of 36 (50%) were malignant pleural ef usion( including 14 lung cancer with pleural dissemination, 3 breast cancer with pleural dissemination and 1 pleural endotheliomas), 16 tuberculous pleurisy (44. 4%) and 2 cases chronic inflammation (5. 6%). Conclusions The electronic bronchoscope replacing the thora-coscope is safe and ef ective. It is a minimal y invasive diagnosis and treatment technique which the respiratory physicians is esay to operate and Master. And it has preferable value in clinical application for those unclear causes of pleural ef usion.