黑色素瘤是恶性程度最高的皮肤癌瘤.可靠的统计资料表明:美国和其它国家的黑色素瘤死亡率在近20年间增长一倍,而发病率继续增加,仅美国1982年确诊的新病例估计为14,000.早在1864年James Paget已发现黑色素痣可演变为癌.但是有关病因,肿瘤的分期和治疗一直有所争论.尽管积极进行手术治疗,黑色素瘤的死亡率仍高于60%.[病因] 黑色素瘤源于黑色素细胞或其母细胞.这些来自神经嵴的细胞,在胚胎发育过程中迁移到皮肤、眼、粘膜表面和神经系统等部位.在胚胎发育第十周,表皮和真皮交界处的成黑素细胞内出现色素颗 Melanoma is the most malignant skin cancer. Reliable statistics show that the melanoma mortality rate in the United States and other countries has doubled in the past 20 years, and the incidence continues to increase. Only new cases diagnosed in the United States in 1982 are estimated to be 14,000. As early as 1864, James Paget has discovered that melanin antrum can evolve into cancer. However, etiology, tumor staging, and treatment have always been controversial. Although active surgical treatment, melanoma mortality rate is still higher than 60%. Melanoma originates from melanocytes or their mother cells. These cells from neural crest migrate to the skin, eye, mucosal surface, and nervous system during embryonic development. At the tenth week of embryonic development, the epidermis and dermis junction Pigment cells in melanoblasts