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在物权法中写入“依据宪法制定本法”不仅从立法技术角度是必要的,从维持法律形式统一和端正人们的宪法与民法关系观念的角度看也有意义。地方政府处理重要国有资产应该事先向本级人大常委会报告和获得批准。国有、集体和私人物权刑法保护的条文应该朝修改刑法、创设新罪名和规定单位犯罪的方向做明白表述。《草案》第49条、第68条、第128条和第137条关于征收、征用的补偿依据的规定有明显的宪法瑕疵;根据宪法,应该用“补偿标准由法律规定”替换这些条款中的“按照国家规定”及其它相应文字。在宪法中,市场经济条款要求平等和自由竞争,基本经济制度条款要求必要程度的超经济、超市场强制,处理两者的关系应两方面兼顾和平衡。为做好《草案》修改工作、学理解说工作和促使它顺利通过立法程序,人们对《草案》本身涉及的问题应该有更客观的认识。
It is not only necessary from the perspective of legislation and technology to write “this Law in accordance with the Constitution” in the Real Right Law, but also in terms of maintaining the unity of legal form and correcting people’s concept of the relationship between the constitution and civil law. Local governments handling important state-owned assets should be reported in advance to this level of NPC Standing Committee and approved. Provisions on the protection of state, collective and private property criminal law should be clearly expressed in the direction of amending the criminal law, creating new crimes and stipulating the unit’s crime. Article 49, Article 68, Article 128 and Article 137 of the Draft have obvious constitutional flaws in the provisions on the compensation basis for expropriation and requisition; according to the constitution, the “compensation standard should be replaced by law” in these provisions “According to the state regulations” and other corresponding texts. In the constitution, the terms of a market economy require equality and free competition. The provisions of the basic economic system require a degree of super-economy and super market coercion. The handling of the relationship between the two should be balanced and balanced. In order to do a good job of revising the draft and learning and explaining the work and facilitating its smooth passage through the legislative process, people should have a more objective understanding of the issues involved in the draft itself.