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随着我国“二孩”政策的放开,越来越多的高龄女性有生育要求,但高龄女性常有低妊娠率、高流产率等生育力低下的问题。高龄对女性最主要的影响体现在卵巢老化,主要表现为卵母细胞数量减少和卵母细胞质量下降,这两方面都是随着年龄进展的自然生理现象,但卵母细胞质量下降的原因较为复杂,主要可以概括为染色体非整倍体率增加、线粒体功能减退、端粒变短和端粒酶活性下降、超微结构改变等几方面。而改善卵母细胞质量的方法主要包括添加辅助药物及自体生殖系线粒体移植。
With the liberalization of the policy of “two children” in our country, more and more elder women have the requirement of childbirth, but the elderly women often have the problems of low fertility and low pregnancy rate and high abortion rate. The main impact of aging on women is the aging of the ovary, which is mainly manifested as the decrease of the number of oocytes and the decline of the quality of the oocytes, both of which are natural physiological phenomena progressing with age, but the reasons for the decline of oocyte quality are Complex, mainly can be summarized as chromosome aneuploidy rate, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere shortening and decreased telomerase activity, ultrastructural changes and other aspects. Methods to improve oocyte quality include supplemental drugs and autologous germline mitochondria transplantation.