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河流水文过程的变化与生态环境系统变化之间存在着极强的响应关系,研究河流水文要素的变化趋势对认识河流生态系统演变的规律及机理有重要意义。通过对黄河中游潼关断面径流要素、洪水要素、河流泥沙要素的统计特征进行分析,揭示不同水文指标在长期演变过程中的发展规律及突变特点,分析由此引发的生态系统响应过程,并进一步挖掘影响河流生态水文系统演变的关键因素。结果表明,黄河中游生态水文系统中改变强烈的水文要素主要有大洪水发生次数、径流年际丰枯变化、年内分配以及水文极值发生时间等。受气候变化和人类活动(水库运行及引水)的影响,中游水文系统要素发生了较大变异,将对河道内、洪泛区和湿地的生物数量、多样性以及其繁衍、迁徙、洄游行为产生影响,且这种影响与水库的累积作用和不科学的取用水制度密切相关。
There is a strong response relationship between the change of river hydrological process and the change of ecological environment system. Studying the change trend of river hydrological elements is of great significance for understanding the law and mechanism of river ecosystem evolution. By analyzing the statistical characteristics of runoff elements, flood elements and river sediment in the section of Tongguan section in the middle reach of the Yellow River, the development rules and mutation characteristics of different hydrological indicators in the long-term evolution are revealed, and the resulting ecosystem response process is analyzed. Tap the key factors influencing the evolution of river eco-hydrological system. The results show that the hydrological factors that change strongly in the eco-hydrological system in the middle reaches of the Yellow River mainly include the number of major floods, the annual variation of annual runoff, annual distribution, and the occurrence time of hydrological extremes. Due to the impacts of climate change and human activities (reservoir operation and diversion), major variations have occurred in the hydrological system in the middle reaches of the river, which will affect the biological quantity and diversity of rivers, floodplains and wetlands and their multiplication, migration and migratory behavior And this effect is closely related to the cumulative effect of reservoirs and unscientific access to water system.