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迈克尔·马尔凯(Michael Mulkay)创立的话语分析研究纲领,是科学知识社会学领域中与宏观利益学派、实验室学派并列的三大流派之一。与传统话语分析模式(如默顿结构功能功能主义话语分析模式、普赖斯科学计量学模式)及其它一些SSK学者(如科林斯的论坛分析范式、谢廷娜网络分析模式)将特定性质的科学话语(正式的或非正式的)作为可靠的信息源不同,话语分析研究纲领将科学话语视为一种分析的议题。以“解释的扩展难题”为引子,话语分析研究纲领从主体维度、文本维度、规范维度、史学维度四个层面构建了科学话语与科学世界之间的修辞关联模型,表明了科学话语作为科学文化与实践的“行动者”特质,并解构了科学话语与科学实在之间的同一性观点,成为再审视传统社会学及前期科学知识社会学的重要视角。
Michael Mulkay founded discourse analysis research program, which is one of the three major genres in the field of sociology of science and knowledge with macro interest and laboratory schools. And the traditional discourse analysis model (such as Merton structural functional functional discourse analysis mode, Price scientific metrology model) and other SSK scholars (such as Collins’s forum analysis paradigm, Xie Tingna network analysis model) will be a particular type of scientific discourse Formal or informal) As a reliable source of information, discourse research programs treat scientific discourse as an analytical topic. With the explanation problem of “extended difficulty” as the guideline, the discourse analysis research program constructs the rhetorical relational model between the scientific discourse and the scientific world from the four dimensions of the subject dimension, the text dimension, the normative dimension and the historical dimension, and shows that the scientific discourse Science culture and practice “actor ” trait, and deconstruct the sameness viewpoints between scientific discourse and scientific realism, and become an important perspective to reexamine traditional sociology and pre-scientific sociology of knowledge.