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目的分析青海高职学院新生心理健康状况,为开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,应用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)对青海省5所高职学院1048名学生进行调查。结果有轻度以上心理问题者(任一因子分≥2)排在第1位的为强迫87人,占8.3%;其次为抑郁79人,占7.5%;排在最后的为精神病性14人,占1.3%。有中度以上心理问题者(任一因子分≥3)在各因子上所占的比例极低。高职新生的心理健康水平显著高于国内正常人群和全国大学生水平(P<0.001);但女生在躯体化、焦虑、恐怖因子上的得分显著高于男生(P<0.05);贫困生在躯体化、人抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、敌对、偏执、精神病性因子上的得分均显著高于非贫困生(P<0.05)。结论高职新生心理健康总体水平相对较好,但女生、贫困生的心理问题相对较多。
Objective To analyze the mental health status of freshmen in Qinghai Vocational College and provide the basis for mental health education. Methods Random sampling method was used to investigate 1048 students in five higher vocational colleges in Qinghai Province by using SCL-90. Results of those with mild psychological problems (any factor score ≥ 2) came in first place for the forced 87 people, accounting for 8.3%; followed by depression 79 people, accounting for 7.5%; came in the last for the psychotic 14 , Accounting for 1.3%. Those who have moderate or more psychological problems (any factor score ≥ 3) in the proportion of each factor is extremely low. The mental health of freshmen in higher vocational school was significantly higher than that of the normal population in China and the level of national college students (P <0.001), but the scores of somatization, anxiety and terror were significantly higher in girls than in boys (P <0.05) The scores of depression, anxiety, terror, hostility, paranoid and psychotic factors were significantly higher than those of non-poor students (P <0.05). Conclusion The overall mental health of freshmen is relatively good, but there are more psychological problems among girls and poor students.