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采用情景认知的思想,从整体上分析应激所造成的认知行为失误,在充分重视情景作用的同时也强调认知评价和调节对应激水平的最终决定作用。将Hancock和Hockey的应激模型与Hollnagel的情景控制模型相结合,提出了基于情景控制模式的应激影响模型,着重探讨了应激对整个认知控制模式而非单个认知成分的影响。从整体层面来看,个体所采用的认知控制模式与当时的实际情景不匹配是应激导致认知失误的主要机制。该机制主要包含三种模式:应激情景的感知判断错误及应激状态的控制调节失败,固着于某一不当的认知控制模式而不移动或移动延迟,认知控制模式转移方向错位。该模型可为人因可靠性领域的应激研究提供一个新的分析框架。
Using the idea of situational awareness, we analyze the cognitive behavioral errors caused by stress as a whole, emphasize the final decision-making role of cognitive evaluation and adjustment on the level of stress while giving full consideration to the role of context. Combining Hancock and Hockey’s stress model with Hollnagel’s scenario control model, a stress-impact model based on scenario control mode is proposed, and the impact of stress on the whole cognitive control mode rather than the single cognitive component is emphatically discussed. From a holistic perspective, the main mechanism by which stress causes cognitive errors is the mismatch between the model of cognitive control adopted by the individual and the actual situation at that time. The mechanism consists of three modes: the perception of stress scenario is wrong and the control of stress state is unsuccessfully adjusted, fixed in an inappropriate cognitive control mode without moving or moving delay, and the cognitive control mode is shifted in the wrong direction. The model can provide a new analytical framework for the study of stress in human reliability field.