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元朝入主中原,分居民为四等:“蒙古人”、“色目人”、“汉人”、“南”。蒙古人所指很明确,色目人所包则甚广,大抵蒙古人西征期间所得西域以西乃至欧洲的居民,都属色目人;汉人并非指汉族人,据元朝人陶宗仪《南村耕录》所记,包括八种人:(1)契丹人;(2)高丽人;(3)女真人;(4)竹因歹人;(5)术里阔歹人;(6)竹温人;(7)竹亦歹人;(8)渤海人。从元朝人的记载看来,汉人是指金朝统治区被征服的各族人民。至于南人,则是指南宋统治区被征服的各族人民。又,按种族将人民区分等第的办法,并非元朝统治者所创,早在金朝统治之时,已区分人民为三等:“种人”、“汉人”、“南人”。“种人”指女真本族人;“汉人”指辽朝统治区被征服的居民;
The Yuan Dynasty into the Central Plains, sub-residents for four: “Mongolian”, “color eyes”, “Han”, “South”. Mongolian refers to it very clearly, the color of the people are very wide range, mostly during the Western Expedition to the West and Europe residents, belong to the color of people; Han does not refer to the Han nationality, according to the Yuan Dynasty Tao Zongyi “Nancun Geng Lu” Kee, including eight kinds of people: (1) Khitan people; (2) Korea; (3) Nuzhen people; (4) bamboo due to the evil people; Bamboo also bad people; (8) Bohai people. From the records of the Yuan Dynasty, Han people refer to the people of all ethnic groups conquered in the Jin dynasty. As for the south, it refers to the conquered people in the southern Song Dynasty. Moreover, the method of distinguishing the people by the race is not the creation of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. As early as the reign of the Jin dynasty, the people were distinguished from one another by thirds: “people of species”, “Han people” and “Nan people.” “Kind” means Jurchen; “Han” refers to the conquered residents of the Liao Dynasty;