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目的了解凉山州1995-2012年艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)的死亡情况及主要影响因素。方法利用中国艾滋病综合防治信息管理系统,对1995-2012年凉山州报告的28394例HIV/AIDS病人的数据资料进行描述性分析,应用寿命表法计算生存率、死亡率,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析HIV/AIDS病人生存时间的影响因素。结果累计死亡4075人(14.4%),其中因艾滋病及相关疾病死亡1494人(36.7%),吸毒过量死亡1001人(24.6%),其他原因死亡1457人(35.8%)。因艾滋病死亡的1494例HIV/AIDS病人中,诊断时平均年龄为(31.0±9.7)岁,男性1199人(80.3%),已婚有配偶970人(64.9%),彝族1398人(93.6%),经注射吸毒感染915人(61.2%),未接受抗病毒治疗1311人(87.8%),诊断到死亡平均时间为(28.9±24.1)个月。研究对象平均生存时间为166.97个月[95%可信区间(CI)=159.58~174.36]。1年生存率为98.42%,5年生存率为89.43%,10年生存率为76.39%,15年生存率为65.59%。总病死率为2.11/100人年。单因素分析结果显示,诊断时的年龄、民族、婚姻状况、职业、感染途径、病程阶段、是否接受抗病毒治疗,是HIV/AIDS病人生存时间的影响因素。结论凉山州HIV/AIDS病人因艾滋病死亡主要集中在农村,青年彝族男性为多;早期发现,及时接受抗病毒治疗可减少死亡。
Objective To understand the death and main influential factors of HIV / AIDS patients (referred to as HIV / AIDS patients) in Liangshan Prefecture from 1995 to 2012. Methods The data of 28394 cases of HIV / AIDS reported in Liangshan Prefecture from 1995 to 2012 were analyzed descriptively by using China AIDS integrated prevention and control information management system. Life expectancy was used to calculate the survival rate and mortality rate. Kaplan-Meier analysis Influencing factors of HIV / AIDS patients’ survival time. Results A total of 4075 deaths (14.4%) were reported. Among them, 1,494 (36.7%) died of AIDS and related diseases, 1001 (24.6%) died of drug abuse and 1457 (35.8%) died of other causes. Among the 1494 HIV / AIDS patients who died of AIDS, the average age at diagnosis was (31.0 ± 9.7) years old, 1199 (80.3%) were male, 970 (64.9%) were married and 1398 (93.6%) were Yi people, , 915 (61.2%) were infected by injecting drugs, 1311 (87.8%) were not receiving antiviral therapy, and the mean time to death was (28.9 ± 24.1) months. The mean survival time was 166.97 months [95% confidence interval (CI) = 159.58-174.36]. The 1-year survival rate was 98.42%, the 5-year survival rate was 89.43%, the 10-year survival rate was 76.39%, and the 15-year survival rate was 65.59%. The overall case fatality rate was 2.11 / 100 person-years. Univariate analysis showed that age, ethnicity, marital status, occupation, route of infection, stage of disease and whether or not antiviral treatment were taken during diagnosis were the influencing factors for the survival time of HIV / AIDS patients. Conclusion The death of HIV / AIDS patients in Liangshan Prefecture mainly occurs in rural areas due to AIDS. There are more young men and women in Yi nationality in Liangshan Prefecture. Early detection of antiviral therapy can reduce the death rate.