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统计学作为一门独立的经济计量学科,至今已有三百多年历史了,其理论结构在发展过程中日益规范、完善、成熟。历史地看,统计学的发展可以划分为两个阶段,第一阶段主要表现为描述统计学的发展,第二阶段主要表现为推断统计学的发展,统计学由描述统计发展到推断统计,不仅是统计理论的升华,更为重要的是它为统计实践起了积极的推动作用。 一、统计学的发展和演变 描述统计学又称作传统统计学,描述统计以搜集、整理、显示统计数据,使之系统化、有序化,从而达到认识现象总体特征为主要内容;推断统计学又称现代统计学,它以数理统计为中心内容,主要通过正确地选用各种统计量,并对各种统计量做出“解释”,进而探索现象总体内在的数量规律和发展趋势。 描述统计学的创造人当推十七世纪英国人威廉·配第,他的代表作是《政治算术》一
As an independent econometrics discipline, statistics has been more than 300 years old, and its theoretical structure is increasingly regulated, refined and mature in its development. Historically, the development of statistics can be divided into two stages, the first stage mainly describes the development of statistics, the second stage mainly shows the development of statistics, statistics from the description of statistics to the development of statistics, not only Is the sublimation of statistical theory, more importantly, it plays a positive role in promoting statistical practice. I. Development and Evolution of Statistics Descriptive Statistics is also called traditional statistics. Descriptive statistics are used to collect, collate and display statistical data so as to make it systematized and ordered so as to achieve the overall characteristics of cognitive phenomena. Inference Statistics Learning, also known as modern statistics, takes mathematical statistics as its core content. By properly selecting various statistics and making “explanations” for various statistics, it further explores the inherent quantitative laws and trends in phenomena. Describing the statistic creator When pushing the 17th-century Englishman William Fitti, his masterpiece is “Political Arithmetic”, one