抗生素是动物、植物及微生物(细菌、霉菌等)所产生的一种对细菌等微生物具有抑制生长或杀灭作用的化学物质。在我国,早在2,500年前,民间就使用豆腐上的霉来治疗疮痈等细菌性疾患,这是对抗生素的最早利用。到1940年青霉素被发现后,抗生素的发展非常快,到目前为止发现的新抗生素已不下一百五六十种。尤其是苏联在这方面的贡献最显著,苏联的医药学家们不仅从细菌或霉菌中找出各种抗生素,并且从动植物体中抽出了新的抗生素,如鱼素和各种植物杀菌素等。在这些新的抗生素中,由于大多数不是作用太弱,就是毒性太强,或者抽出制造困难,所以现在被临床广泛应用的只不过十几种,如青霉素、链霉素、氯霉素、金霉素、土霉素等。这些抗生素 Antibiotics are chemicals produced by animals, plants, and microorganisms (bacteria, molds, etc.) that inhibit the growth or killing of bacteria and other microorganisms. In China, as early as 2,500 years ago, people used mold on tofu to treat blemish and other bacterial diseases, which was the earliest use of antibiotics. After the penicillin was discovered in 1940, the development of antibiotics was very fast and the number of new antibiotics discovered so far was no less than 1,560. In particular, the Soviet Union made the most significant contribution in this regard. The Soviet medical scientists not only found various antibiotics from bacteria or mold, but also extracted new antibiotics such as fish hormones and various phytoncides from animal and plant species. Wait. Of these new antibiotics, because most are either too weak, too toxic, or difficult to pull out of production, only a dozen are widely used clinically now, such as penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and gold. And oxytetracycline. These antibiotics