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氮素作为作物生长必需的大量元素之一,其供应状况直接影响到农业增产增收。施用氮肥对农业生产的发展起着重要的作用,是提高粮食单位面积产量的重要措施之一。我国氮肥用量最多,但是由于施肥方法或农业管理措施的不当,导致氮素损失加剧,氮肥利用率较低,同时也带来了很多环境问题。氮肥在土壤中的迁移转化是直接原因。本文首先简要介绍氮素迁移转化过程,综述国内外肥料氮素迁移转化特征及其生物学响应的研究现状,然后对肥际微域这一特殊环境中氮素的迁移转化特征进行阐述,最后对未来的研究方向进行展望,为氮肥的优化利用提供理论参考。
Nitrogen, as one of the large quantities of essential elements for crop growth, has a direct impact on the agricultural production and income. The application of nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in the development of agricultural production and is one of the important measures to improve grain yield per unit area. The amount of nitrogenous fertilizer in our country is the largest, but due to improper fertilization methods or agricultural management measures, the nitrogen loss is aggravated and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low, which also brings about many environmental problems. The transfer of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil is the direct cause. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the process of nitrogen transfer and transformation, summarize the research status of nitrogen and transformation of fertilizer at home and abroad and its biological response, and then describe the characteristics of nitrogen migration and transformation in this special environment. Finally, Future research directions for the future, to provide a theoretical reference for the optimal utilization of nitrogen fertilizer.