生活在原始或经济文化处于十分落后状态下的人们,几乎日常活动的各个方面都离不开咒语。首先是生产活动,无论是以种植还是以狩猎、捕鱼为生。我国海南岛的黎族,解放前普遍存在着“刀耕火种”的生产方式,每年正月的选地仪式,少不了口念祭告山鬼的咒语。在保留着父系家族公社解体形式的合亩制地区,开始犁田时,担任亩头的人要反复念诵呼风唤雨的咒语:“大雨降临如倾盆,点点滴滴落田中……”北美印第安人认为自己的一切食物,都是动、植物的“神”,根据自己的善良意愿送的礼物。有的猎人在打 People living in primitive or economically underdeveloped conditions can scarcely have spells in almost every aspect of their daily activities. The first is production activities, whether by planting or hunting, fishing for a living. The Li nationality in Hainan Island of our country generally existed the mode of production of “slash and burn” before the liberation. Every year the lunar month’s ceremony of ceremonies was attended by the sacrificial offering of mountain ghost. In the mu area, where the patriarchal family commune was to be dissolved, when Plowing started, people who acted as mu heads repeatedly recited the invocable spell: “The heavy rain fell on the ground and dribbled down ...” The North American Indians think All our own food is the “God” of animals and plants, a gift that is given according to one’s good intentions. Some hunters are playing