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目的了解不同居住模式下农村老年人的养老情况,为构建新型养老模式提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2015年7—9月对浙江省农村的199名老年人进行问卷调查和定性访谈。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果被调查的农村老年人中,独居者占18.6%,和配偶居住者占40.2%,和子孙同住者占41.2%。独居者、和配偶居住者、和子孙同住者在荤素搭配率、健康状况好、医保知识了解率、养老保险参保率、选择居家作为理想居住模式的比例为83.8%、86.3%、96.3%、29.7%、21.3%、13.4%、64.9%、57.5%、82.9%、64.9%、72.5%、48.8%、73.0%、88.8%、91.5%。不同居住模式下,农村老年人的饮食状况、健康状况、医保知识、养老保险参保情况、理想居住模式等对比差异均有统计学意义差异(均P<0.05)。结论不同居住模式农村老年人的养老情况存在差异,居家依然是老年人理想的居住模式,机构养老等新模式还需进一步建设和完善。
Objective To understand the old-age pension situation in rural areas under different living patterns and to provide the basis for constructing a new old-age pension model. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey and qualitative interview with 199 seniors in rural Zhejiang Province from July to September in 2015. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results Among the surveyed rural elderly, 18.6% live in solitary households, 40.2% live in spouses and 41.2% share living with their children. 83.8%, 86.3%, 96.3% of the living alone, spouses and their descendants live in the same ratio of meat and vegetables, good health, knowledge of health care insurance, pension insurance rate, the choice of home as the ideal mode of living %, 29.7%, 21.3%, 13.4%, 64.9%, 57.5%, 82.9%, 64.9%, 72.5%, 48.8%, 73.0%, 88.8%, 91.5%. Under different living patterns, the differences of dietary status, health status, medical insurance knowledge, endowment insurance coverage, ideal living pattern in rural elderly were statistically significant differences (all P <0.05). Conclusions There are differences in old-age pension in different living patterns in rural areas. Home is still the ideal living pattern for the elderly. New models such as old-age pension need to be further constructed and perfected.