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为探讨不同施肥措施对土壤呼吸的影响,采用动态箱-红外CO2分析法在阴山北麓旱作马铃薯种植区,对施有机肥、有机无机配施、施化肥、不施肥4种施肥措施下土壤呼吸效率及其对水热及生物因子的动态响应过程进行测定分析。结果表明,不同施肥处理下的土壤呼吸速率均有明显的日变化,呈单峰曲线,6:00-8:00时最慢,12:00-16:00时最快,呼吸速率日变化与10 cm地温呈显著正相关。与不施肥相比,施肥显著增加了一天之中各时段的土壤呼吸速率(P<0.05),但不同施肥措施之间的差异在不同时段表现不同。呼吸速率的季节变化也呈单峰曲线,在出苗后52 d达到最大值,呼吸的季节变化受水热及生物因子的协同作用,在整个生育期内与干物质的日积累速率和耕层0～20 cm土壤水分显著相关,生育前期(出苗后0～52 d)呼吸速率随马铃薯全株及块茎积累总量的增加而增加,生育后期(出苗后52～98 d)和收获后(出苗后98～142 d)随10 cm地温的降低而降低。不同施肥措施通过促进作物生长,调节土壤C/N值等,显著增加了土壤呼吸速率(P<0.01),大小顺序为:施有机肥>有机无机配施>施化肥。
In order to explore the effects of different fertilization measures on soil respiration, dynamic box - infrared CO2 analysis was used to study the effects of four organic fertilizers, organic and inorganic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, Respiration efficiency and its dynamic response to hydrothermal and biological factors were measured and analyzed. The results showed that all the soil respiration rates under different fertilization treatments showed obvious diurnal changes, with a single peak curve, the slowest at 6: 00-8: 00, the fastest at 12: 00-16: 00, and the diurnal variation of respiration rate 10 cm ground temperature showed a significant positive correlation. Compared with non-fertilization, fertilization significantly increased soil respiration rate in each day (P <0.05), but the differences among different fertilization measures showed different performance at different time points. The seasonal variation of respiration rate also showed a single peak curve and reached the maximum at 52 days after emergence. The seasonal variation of respiration was affected by the synergistic effect of water and heat and biological factors. The daily accumulation rate of dry matter and plow 0 ~ 20 cm soil moisture. The respiration rate of the early stage of growth (0 ~ 52 days after emergence) increased with the increase of total potato and tuber accumulation, and reached its peak at the later growth stage (52 ~ 98 days after emergence) and after the emergence 98 ~ 142 d) Decrease with the decrease of 10 cm temperature. Different fertilization measures increased soil respiration rate (P <0.01) by promoting crop growth and adjusting C / N ratio of soils. The order of organic fertilization> organic-inorganic fertilization> application of fertilizers was the order of application.