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直肠癌是胃肠道疾病中常见的恶性肿瘤,肿瘤的病理分期(pTNM),与其手术的成功率及预后、生存率等密切相关。新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant or primary chemotherapy)是指在恶性肿瘤局部实施手术或放疗前应用的全身性化疗,在局部治疗前先以全身化疗为第一步治疗,局部治疗(手术或加放疗)后继之完成全程化疗而言。经研究发现,新辅助化疗治疗在直肠癌的治疗中存在:(1)显著缩小肿瘤体积,降低病理分期(TNM)分期,减少了脉管和神经浸润;(2)增加直肠癌保肛率;(3)手术前化疗可以使术中癌细胞活性降低,减少可能造成的术中转移,也能相应减少术后并发症;(4)提高术后5年生存率,减少远处转移发生的可能性;(5)提供体内肿瘤对化疗敏感性的信息,从而为术后辅助化疗方案的选
Rectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in gastrointestinal diseases. The pathological stage (pTNM) of the tumor is closely related to the success rate, prognosis and survival rate of the surgery. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (primary adjuvant chemotherapy) refers to the systemic chemotherapy used before surgery or radiotherapy for local malignant tumors, followed by systemic chemotherapy as the first step before local treatment, followed by local treatment (surgery or radiotherapy) In terms of complete chemotherapy. The study found that neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of rectal cancer exists: (1) significantly reduce the tumor volume, reduce the staging of the disease (TNM) staging, reducing vascular and neural invasion; (2) increase the rectal cancer anal sphincter preserving rate; (3) Preoperative chemotherapy can reduce the intraoperative cancer cell activity, reduce the possible intraoperative metastasis, but also reduce postoperative complications; (4) to improve the 5-year survival rate and reduce the possibility of distant metastasis (5) to provide information on the sensitivity of the tumor to chemotherapy in vivo so as to provide an indication of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens