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This paper reviews the progress on nano-aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs).The design,fabrication,and polarization control of nano-aperture VCSELs are reviewed.With the nano- aperture evolving from conventional circular and square aperture to unique C-shaped,H-shaped,I-shaped, and bowtie-shaped aperture,both the near-field intensity and near-field beam confinement from nano- aperture VCSELs are significantly improved.As a high-intensity compact light source with sub-100- nm spot size,nano-aperture VCSELs are promising to realize many new near-field optical systems and applications.
This paper reviews the progress on nano-aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The design, fabrication, and polarization control of nano-aperture VCSELs are reviewed. Through the nano- aperture evolving from conventional circular and square aperture to unique C-shaped, H-shaped, I-shaped, and bowtie-shaped apertures, both the near-field intensity and near-field beam confinement from nano- aperture VCSELs are significantly improved. As a high-intensity compact light source with sub- 100-nm spot size, nano-aperture VCSELs are promising to realize many new near-field optical systems and applications.