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目的:分析2004-2011年宁波市学校突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为制订预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法:描述流行病学分析方法。结果:8年间宁波市共报告突发公共卫生事件198起,学校突发公共卫生事件155起,占78.3%,其中传染病事件占96.1%。每年4-6月报告的突发事件较多,占48.4%;报告的病种主要为水痘和流行性腮腺炎,分别占47.0%和21.5%;事件分布在乡小学66起,占44.3%。学校突发公共卫生事件罹患率的中位数是4.0%,爆发持续时间的中位数是32d。结论:急性呼吸道传染病是构成宁波市学校和幼托机构突发公共卫生事件的主体,应做好学校和幼托机构的疾病监测及建立有效的免疫屏障。
Objective: To analyze the epidemic characteristics of school public health emergencies in Ningbo City from 2004 to 2011, and to provide a reference for the formulation of prevention and control measures. Methods: Describe the method of epidemiological analysis. Results: In the past eight years, a total of 198 public health emergencies were reported in Ningbo City, 155 were public health emergencies in schools, accounting for 78.3% of them, of which 96.1% were infectious diseases. The number of reported incidents was 48.4% from April to June each year. The reported cases were mainly chickenpox and mumps, accounting for 47.0% and 21.5% respectively. The number of incidents was 66 in rural elementary schools, accounting for 44.3%. The median attack rate of school public health emergencies was 4.0%, and the median duration of outbreaks was 32 days. Conclusion: ARI is the main body of public health emergencies in schools and nurseries in Ningbo. Disease surveillance in schools and childcare institutions should be well established and an effective immune barrier should be established.