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现代教育理论认为,学习的实质是学生自主建构与知识结构相对应的认知结构的过程,教学过程就是把知识结构转化为学生的认知结构。同时《初中历史标准(实验)》明确提出:“在新课程的设计和实施方面有利于学生学习方式的转变,倡导学生主动学习,在多元化、开放式学习环境中,充分发挥学生的主体性、积极性与参与性,培养探究历史问题的能力和实事求是的科学态度,提高创新意识和实践能力”。在课程目标上,提出要“注重探究学习,善于从不同的角度发现问题,积极探索解决问题的
Modern education theory believes that the essence of learning is the process of students’ self-construction of the cognitive structure corresponding to the knowledge structure. The teaching process is to transform the knowledge structure into a student’s cognitive structure. At the same time, ”The Junior High School History Standard (Experimental)“ clearly puts forward: ”In terms of the design and implementation of the new curriculum, it is conducive to the transformation of students’ learning styles. Students are encouraged to take the initiative to study, and in the context of a diversified and open learning environment, the students’ main body is brought into full play. Sexuality, enthusiasm, and participation, cultivating the ability to explore historical issues and the scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts, improve the sense of innovation and practical ability ". In the course objectives, it is proposed to focus on inquiry learning, be good at finding problems from different perspectives, and actively explore solutions to problems.