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蘑菇疣孢霉病是一种由菌盖疣孢霉(Mycogon perniciosa Magn)引起的世界性病害。近年来,该病在福建省双孢蘑菇生产上流行为害,曾平均发病率达30％以上,损失率达30％左右,严重的第一潮菇基本绝收。笔者在几年防治该病的实践基础上,谈谈疣孢霉的生态特点及防治策略。 (一)疣孢霉与蘑菇的关系 疣孢霉菌可在蘑菇子实体分化时即在扭结期侵染,形成瘤状或马勃状组织,俗称为“菇疱”或“无头菇”,也可在蘑菇菌盖和菌柄分化后侵染而出现畸形菇,两者都会流出褐色发臭汁液。蘑菇的菌丝阶段该病菌难以侵染。有试验表明,在琼脂培养上同时接上疣孢霉与蘑菇菌丝,结果蘑菇菌丝生长很快盖过疣孢霉。据台湾Hong Kao Hsu试验表明,将病原菌接入培养料,发病轻或几乎不发病。也有材料表明,幼嫩蘑菇的浸出液刺激病原分生孢于的萌发,观察可见,侵染期基本是在覆土后蘑菇菌丝的细线期,即
Mushroom Worm spore mold is a worldwide disease caused by Mycogon perniciosa Magn. In recent years, the disease in Fujian Province Agaricus bisporus production of high-level acts of harm, had an average incidence rate of 30% or more, the loss rate of 30%, a serious first wave of mushroom income. Based on the practice of prevention and treatment of the disease in a few years, I talk about the ecological characteristics and control strategies of the genus. (A) of the relationship between the non-invasive molds and mushrooms Widgetomycetes can mushroom fruiting bodies in the differentiation that is infected during the kinking, the formation of tumor or horse-like tissue, commonly known as “mushroom blisters” or “mushrooms”, also Malformation mushroom cover and stigma after infection and the emergence of deformed mushrooms, both outflow of brown smelly juice. Mushroom mycelium stage difficult to infiltrate the bacteria. Some experiments show that in agar culture at the same time connected with mycelium and mushroom mycelium, the results mushroom mycelium growth quickly covered with Worm spores. According to Taiwan’s Hong Kao Hsu test showed that pathogenic bacteria access to culture materials, the incidence of light or almost no disease. Some materials also show that the leaching solution of young mushroom stimulates the spore germination in the pathogen. It can be seen from the observation that the infection period is basically the thin-line period of the mushroom mycelium after covering, that is,