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当前国际人道法建立在区分国际性与非国际性武装冲突这一二元体制基础之上,对此,不少学者提出了批评与质疑,主张建立统一的国际人道法。然而,现阶段建立统一国际人道法面临着难以逾越的障碍:统一的调整对象将排除大量规则的可适用性;统一的规则难以满足不同类型武装冲突的特殊需求;统一的被俘战斗员地位将限制国家主权权利的行使。在国际社会的基本构成要素仍是主权国家的现阶段及今后相当长的历史时期内,二元体制仍将具有生命力。
At present, IHL is based on the dual system of separating international and non-international armed conflicts. Many scholars have criticized and challenged it and advocated the establishment of a unified international humanitarian law. However, the establishment of a unified international humanitarian law at this stage is facing an insurmountable obstacle: a unified object of adjustment will rule out the applicability of a large number of rules; uniform rules can not meet the special needs of different types of armed conflicts; and the status of a unified captured combatants Restrict the exercise of the sovereign rights of the state. The dualistic system will still have vitality in the present stage of the sovereignty and the rather long historical period in the future.