一、引言撇开政治与意识形态的考虑不谈,支持后社会主义国家向市场体系转轨的基本观点曾经假定:经济转轨将提高分配效率,从而促进竞争和改善家庭生活水平。这种观点相信,所有权由国家向私人部门的转移必定可以很快促进这种改善和提高。然而大多数国家———甚至是实施经济转轨 I. INTRODUCTION Regardless of political and ideological considerations, the basic view behind the post-socialist transition to a market system has been that it assumes that economic transition will increase the efficiency of distribution so as to promote competition and improve the standard of living of the family. It is the belief in this view that the transfer of ownership from the State to the private sector must soon be able to facilitate such improvements and enhancements. However, most countries - even the implementation of economic transition